What are the main chemical structures of dispersants?

 Dispersant is an interfacial active agent that possesses both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties within a molecule. Dispersants are generally divided into two categories: inorganic dispersants and organic dispersants. Common inorganic dispersants include silicates (such as water glass) and alkali metal phosphates (such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium pyrophosphate). What are the main chemical structures of commonly used dispersants?

1. Low molecular weight carboxylic acid amide salts and electrically neutral long-chain carboxylic acid polyamino salts have a large number of adsorption groups, which can form a strong adsorption layer on the surface of pigments, improve the stability of pigment dispersion, and prevent floating color and flower formation;

2. High molecular weight carboxylic acid ester polymers form steric hindrance control by adsorbing groups with high molecular weight chains on the surface of pigments, preventing pigment flocculation and maintaining the stability of pigment dispersion systems;

3. Polyvalent carboxylic acid polymer, containing a large number of carboxyl groups and strong polarity, can form a thixotropic fluid in coatings, allowing pigments to form a controllable coagulation and dispersion state, which is very effective in preventing floating color and discoloration.